Java多线程JUC原子类之AtomicReference

转载自https://www.cnblogs.com/skywang12345/p/3514623.html

AtomicReference介绍和函数列表

AtomicReference是作用是对”对象”进行原子操作。

// 使用 null 初始值创建新的 AtomicReference。
AtomicReference()
// 使用给定的初始值创建新的 AtomicReference。
AtomicReference(V initialValue)

// 如果当前值 == 预期值，则以原子方式将该值设置为给定的更新值。
boolean compareAndSet(V expect, V update)
// 获取当前值。
V get()
// 以原子方式设置为给定值，并返回旧值。
V getAndSet(V newValue)
// 最终设置为给定值。
void lazySet(V newValue)
// 设置为给定值。
void set(V newValue)
// 返回当前值的字符串表示形式。
String toString()
// 如果当前值 == 预期值，则以原子方式将该值设置为给定的更新值。
boolean weakCompareAndSet(V expect, V update)

源码（JDK1.8.0_202）

/**
 * An object reference that may be updated atomically. See the {@link
 * java.util.concurrent.atomic} package specification for description
 * of the properties of atomic variables.
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 * @param <V> The type of object referred to by this reference
 */
public class AtomicReference<V> implements java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1848883965231344442L;

    // 获取Unsafe对象，Unsafe的作用是提供CAS操作
    private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
    private static final long valueOffset;

    static {
        try {
            valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                (AtomicReference.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
        } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
    }

    // volatile类型
    private volatile V value;

    /**
     * Creates a new AtomicReference with the given initial value.
     *
     * @param initialValue the initial value
     */
    public AtomicReference(V initialValue) {
        value = initialValue;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new AtomicReference with null initial value.
     */
    public AtomicReference() {
    }

    /**
     * Gets the current value.
     *
     * @return the current value
     */
    public final V get() {
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Sets to the given value.
     *
     * @param newValue the new value
     */
    public final void set(V newValue) {
        value = newValue;
    }

    /**
     * Eventually sets to the given value.
     *
     * @param newValue the new value
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public final void lazySet(V newValue) {
        unsafe.putOrderedObject(this, valueOffset, newValue);
    }

    /**
     * Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
     * if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
     * @param expect the expected value
     * @param update the new value
     * @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that
     * the actual value was not equal to the expected value.
     */
    public final boolean compareAndSet(V expect, V update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, valueOffset, expect, update);
    }

    /**
     * Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
     * if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
     *
     * <p><a href="package-summary.html#weakCompareAndSet">May fail
     * spuriously and does not provide ordering guarantees</a>, so is
     * only rarely an appropriate alternative to {@code compareAndSet}.
     *
     * @param expect the expected value
     * @param update the new value
     * @return {@code true} if successful
     */
    public final boolean weakCompareAndSet(V expect, V update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, valueOffset, expect, update);
    }

    /**
     * Atomically sets to the given value and returns the old value.
     *
     * @param newValue the new value
     * @return the previous value
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public final V getAndSet(V newValue) {
        return (V)unsafe.getAndSetObject(this, valueOffset, newValue);
    }

    /**
     * Atomically updates the current value with the results of
     * applying the given function, returning the previous value. The
     * function should be side-effect-free, since it may be re-applied
     * when attempted updates fail due to contention among threads.
     *
     * @param updateFunction a side-effect-free function
     * @return the previous value
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public final V getAndUpdate(UnaryOperator<V> updateFunction) {
        V prev, next;
        do {
            prev = get();
            next = updateFunction.apply(prev);
        } while (!compareAndSet(prev, next));
        return prev;
    }

    /**
     * Atomically updates the current value with the results of
     * applying the given function, returning the updated value. The
     * function should be side-effect-free, since it may be re-applied
     * when attempted updates fail due to contention among threads.
     *
     * @param updateFunction a side-effect-free function
     * @return the updated value
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public final V updateAndGet(UnaryOperator<V> updateFunction) {
        V prev, next;
        do {
            prev = get();
            next = updateFunction.apply(prev);
        } while (!compareAndSet(prev, next));
        return next;
    }

    /**
     * Atomically updates the current value with the results of
     * applying the given function to the current and given values,
     * returning the previous value. The function should be
     * side-effect-free, since it may be re-applied when attempted
     * updates fail due to contention among threads.  The function
     * is applied with the current value as its first argument,
     * and the given update as the second argument.
     *
     * @param x the update value
     * @param accumulatorFunction a side-effect-free function of two arguments
     * @return the previous value
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public final V getAndAccumulate(V x,
                                    BinaryOperator<V> accumulatorFunction) {
        V prev, next;
        do {
            prev = get();
            next = accumulatorFunction.apply(prev, x);
        } while (!compareAndSet(prev, next));
        return prev;
    }

    /**
     * Atomically updates the current value with the results of
     * applying the given function to the current and given values,
     * returning the updated value. The function should be
     * side-effect-free, since it may be re-applied when attempted
     * updates fail due to contention among threads.  The function
     * is applied with the current value as its first argument,
     * and the given update as the second argument.
     *
     * @param x the update value
     * @param accumulatorFunction a side-effect-free function of two arguments
     * @return the updated value
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public final V accumulateAndGet(V x,
                                    BinaryOperator<V> accumulatorFunction) {
        V prev, next;
        do {
            prev = get();
            next = accumulatorFunction.apply(prev, x);
        } while (!compareAndSet(prev, next));
        return next;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the String representation of the current value.
     * @return the String representation of the current value
     */
    public String toString() {
        return String.valueOf(get());
    }

}

说明：AtomicReference的源码比较简单。它是通过”volatile”和”Unsafe提供的CAS函数实现”原子操作。(01) value是volatile类型。这保证了：当某线程修改value的值时，其他线程看到的value值都是最新的value值，即修改之后的volatile的值。(02) 通过CAS设置value。这保证了：当某线程池通过CAS函数(如compareAndSet函数)设置value时，它的操作是原子的，即线程在操作value时不会被中断。

AtomicReference示例

// AtomicReferenceTest.java的源码
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

public class AtomicReferenceTest {
    
    public static void main(String[] args){

        // 创建两个Person对象，它们的id分别是101和102。
        Person p1 = new Person(101);
        Person p2 = new Person(102);
        // 新建AtomicReference对象，初始化它的值为p1对象
        AtomicReference ar = new AtomicReference(p1);
        // 通过CAS设置ar。如果ar的值为p1的话，则将其设置为p2。
        ar.compareAndSet(p1, p2);

        Person p3 = (Person)ar.get();
        System.out.println("p3 is "+p3);
        System.out.println("p3.equals(p1)="+p3.equals(p1));
    }
}

class Person {
    volatile long id;
    public Person(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "id:"+id;
    }
}

运行结果：

p3 is id:102
p3.equals(p1)=false

结果说明：新建AtomicReference对象ar时，将它初始化为p1。紧接着，通过CAS函数对它进行设置。如果ar的值为p1的话，则将其设置为p2。最后，获取ar对应的对象，并打印结果。p3.equals(p1)的结果为false，这是因为Person并没有覆盖equals()方法，而是采用继承自Object.java的equals()方法；而Object.java中的equals()实际上是调用”==”去比较两个对象，即比较两个对象的地址是否相等。